Question
Role of IMD, ISRO and NDMA in cyclone disaster risk reduction
Answer :
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Cyclones are among the most destructive hydro-meteorological hazards affecting coastal regions of India. The country's long coastline, dense coastal population, and dependence on agriculture and fisheries increase vulnerability to cyclone-related disasters. Effective cyclone disaster risk reduction requires scientific forecasting, satellite-based monitoring, institutional coordination, and community preparedness. In India, the India Meteorological Department (IMD), the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), and the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) play complementary roles in reducing cyclone risks through early warning systems, technological support, policy formulation, and disaster management. The India Meteorological Department (IMD) is the principal agency responsible for weather forecasting and cyclone monitoring in India. It operates under the Ministry of Earth Sciences and functions as the Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre (RSMC) for the North Indian Ocean as recognized by the World Meteorological Organization. IMD continuously monitors atmospheric conditions using Doppler Weather Radars, satellites, automatic weather stations, buoys, and numerical weather prediction models. It identifies cyclone formation, tracks their movement, predicts landfall location and timing, and estimates cyclone intensity. The department issues colour-coded warnings, including cyclone alerts, cyclone warnings, and post-landfall outlooks to government agencies, disaster management authorities, fishermen, shipping authorities, and the general public. Timely and accurate forecasts enable authorities to evacuate vulnerable populations, suspend fishing operations, safeguard infrastructure, and minimize loss of life and property. The
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