Rail transport is one of the most important components of India's transportation network, carrying millions of passengers and large quantities of freight every day. Despite continuous modernization, rail accidents such as collisions, derailments, level crossing accidents, fires, and bridge failures continue to occur due to a combination of natural, technical, and human factors. From the perspective of disaster management and transport geography, mitigation measures aim to reduce the probability of accidents and minimize their impacts through systematic planning, technological advancement, and institutional coordination. Infrastructure modernization is the foremost mitigation measure. Replacement of old tracks, worn-out sleepers, and aging bridges with stronger and more durable materials significantly reduces derailment risks. Regular maintenance of tracks, timely inspection of rail infrastructure, and the use of modern diagnostic equipment help identify structural defects before they become hazardous. Dedicated freight corridors also reduce congestion on passenger routes, thereby lowering the likelihood of collisions. Advanced signalling and communication systems play a vital role in accident prevention. Automatic signalling, centralized traffic control, electronic interlocking, and real-time communication between stations and train operators improve operational safety. The implementation of the indigenous Kavach Automatic Train Protection System is an important initiative, as it prevents signal passing at danger, overspeeding, and train collisions by automatically controlling train movement when necessary. Human error is a major cause of rail accidents. Continuous training and capacity building of locomotive pilots, station