Hazards and disasters have profound socio-economic impacts that extend beyond the immediate loss of life and property. A hazard is a potentially damaging natural or human-induced event, while a disaster occurs when a hazard severely disrupts the normal functioning of a society, exceeding its capacity to cope using available resources. From a geographical perspective, the socio-economic consequences vary according to the intensity of the event, vulnerability of the population, level of preparedness, and resilience of the affected region. One of the most significant impacts of disasters is the loss of human lives and livelihoods. Earthquakes, floods, cyclones, droughts, landslides, and industrial accidents often cause fatalities and injuries, reducing the productive workforce. Families lose breadwinners, leading to increased poverty and dependency. For example, the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami caused over 230,000 deaths across several countries and devastated fishing communities, resulting in long-term livelihood insecurity. Disasters also inflict severe damage on infrastructure, including roads, bridges, railways, airports, schools, hospitals, communication networks, and power supply systems. The destruction of infrastructure disrupts transportation, education, healthcare, and economic activities. The 2013 Uttarakhand floods destroyed roads, bridges, and settlements, isolating remote mountain communities and affecting tourism, one of the state's major economic sectors. Agriculture is among the worst affected sectors because it is directly dependent on environmental conditions. Floods destroy standing crops, droughts reduce agricultural productivity, cyclones damage plantations, and landslides bury fertile land. Crop failure leads to food insecurity, increased