Geography has undergone significant conceptual and methodological transformations over time, moving from descriptive studies of the earth’s surface to a more complex understanding of human-environment relationships. The development of geographical thought reflects changing paradigms, evolving philosophical approaches, and new methods of inquiry. These changes have shaped the discipline into a diverse field that incorporates both scientific analysis and human experiences. The early development of geography was largely based on exploration, description, and regional studies. Classical geographers focused on mapping the earth, describing physical features, and recording human activities in different regions. Later, geography became influenced by scientific approaches, particularly during the nineteenth century. The concepts of environmental determinism and possibilism emerged as major ideas. Environmental determinism emphasized the role of physical environment in shaping human societies, while possibilism argued that humans have the ability to modify and utilize environmental conditions according to their needs. During the twentieth century, geography experienced a major methodological transformation with the emergence of quantitative revolution. This phase introduced mathematical techniques, statistical methods, and scientific models into geographical research. Geographers began to focus on spatial patterns, location analysis, and the development of theories based on measurable data. The quantitative approach attempted to make geography