Question
Define and explain behaviouralism.
Answer :
Word Count : 676
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Behaviouralism is an approach in geographical thought that emerged during the late 1960s and early 1970s as a reaction to the limitations of quantitative geography and positivism. While the quantitative revolution emphasized objective analysis, mathematical models, and spatial laws, behaviouralism argued that geographical phenomena cannot be fully understood without considering human perception, cognition, attitudes, preferences, and decision-making processes. It shifted the focus from abstract spatial models to the actual behaviour of individuals and groups in geographical space. Behaviouralism is based on the assumption that people do not always behave rationally or possess complete knowledge of their environment. Instead, decisions are influenced by personal experiences, cultural values, emotions, beliefs, memory, social background, and the information available to them. Therefore, geographical patterns often result from subjective perceptions rather than purely objective conditions. This approach integrates concepts from psychology, sociology, and cognitive science into geographical research. One of the major influences on behavioural geography was Herbert A. Simon's theory of bounded rationality. Simon argued that human beings make decisions under conditions of limited information, limited time, and limited cognitive ability. Instead of seeking the optimal solution, individuals usually select a satisfactory or "good enough" alternative. This concept challenged the economic assumption of perfect rationality and became highly relevant in explaining spatial behaviour such
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