Critical geography emerged as a response to the perceived limitations of traditional and positivist approaches in geography during the mid to late twentieth century. Its origins can be traced to broader intellectual and political transformations occurring in the 1960s and 1970s, particularly the rise of social movements, civil rights struggles, anti-war protests, and critiques of capitalism. Geographers began to question the neutrality and objectivity claimed by spatial science and quantitative methods, arguing that such approaches often ignored issues of inequality, power, and social justice. Influenced by critical social theory, especially Marxism, feminism, post-structuralism, and postcolonial thought, critical geography sought to uncover the underlying power relations shaping spatial organization and human-environment interactions. The development of critical geography was closely linked to the earlier emergence of radical geography in the late 1960s. Radical geography arose as a direct challenge to the quantitative revolution, emphasizing the need for geography to address real-world problems such as poverty, urban inequality, and environmental degradation. It was heavily influenced by Marxist theory and focused on the structural dynamics of capitalism and its spatial manifestations. Over time, however, critical geography expanded beyond the primarily Marxist orientation of radical geography to incorporate a wider range of theoretical perspectives, including feminism, critical race theory, and postmodernism. Both critical and radical geography share several important similarities. First, they reject the idea that geography can be value-neutral or purely objective.