Question
Define tribes in the Indian context and discuss the debate on Tribe-Caste continuum.
Answer :
Word Count : 504
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A tribe in the Indian context refers to a social group characterized by a common territory, shared language, cultural identity, kinship ties, and a distinct socio-political organization. Tribes have traditionally inhabited forests, hills, and remote regions and have maintained unique customs, beliefs, and economic practices. In the Constitution of India, such communities are recognized as Scheduled Tribes under Article 342. Their identification is based on factors such as distinctive culture, geographical isolation, social and economic backwardness, and limited interaction with the larger population. However, these characteristics are not rigid, as tribal communities have undergone significant changes due to modernization, state policies, education, migration, and market integration. Anthropologists have offered different definitions of tribes. D.N. Majumdar described a tribe as a collection of families or groups of
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