Question
Write short notes:
a. customary laws
b. Nomadic and transhumant societies
Answer :
Word Count : 496
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Skip in 10
a. Customary laws Customary laws are traditional rules, norms, and practices that regulate the social, economic, political, and religious life of tribal communities. These laws are unwritten and are transmitted orally from one generation to another. They are based on long-established customs and collective acceptance rather than formal legislation. In many tribal societies of India, customary laws govern marriage, divorce, inheritance, land ownership, dispute settlement, kinship relations, and community obligations. The village council, tribal chief, or council of elders generally interprets and enforces customary laws. Decisions are taken through collective discussions, with the primary objective of maintaining harmony and restoring social balance rather than imposing harsh punishments. Compensation, public apology, and community service are common methods of resolving disputes. Customary laws reflect the cultural
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