Depopulation of tribes refers to the decline in the population of tribal communities due to a combination of biological, social, economic, environmental, and political factors. Tribal populations in India have historically lived in forests, hills, and remote regions with limited access to modern healthcare, education, and infrastructure. While the overall Scheduled Tribe population has increased over the decades, certain Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) continue to experience stagnant or declining populations, making depopulation a significant anthropological concern. One of the major causes of tribal depopulation is poor health conditions. Malnutrition, anemia, tuberculosis, malaria, diarrheal diseases, sickle cell anemia, and other communicable diseases are widespread among many tribal groups. Inadequate healthcare facilities, shortage of trained medical personnel, and difficult geographical terrain often delay treatment, resulting in high mortality rates. High infant and maternal mortality also contribute significantly to depopulation.