Tribal beliefs and practices in India are deeply rooted in nature, kinship, community life, and ancestral traditions. They form an integral part of tribal identity and regulate social, economic, religious, and political life. Although tribal societies are highly diverse, many of their beliefs reflect a close relationship between humans, nature, and the supernatural. At the same time, modernization, state intervention, and religious change have transformed many traditional practices, making a critical examination essential. Most tribes believe in animism, where natural objects such as mountains, rivers, forests, and trees possess spiritual power. Sacred groves among the Khasi of Meghalaya and the Oraon of Jharkhand demonstrate the conservation of biodiversity through religious beliefs. Ancestor worship is another widespread practice. The Santhal, Gond, and Munda tribes perform rituals to honor deceased ancestors, believing they continue to influence the welfare of the living. Tribal religious specialists such as shamans, priests, or medicine men play an important role in healing, conducting rituals, and communicating with supernatural forces. The Baiga tribe of Madhya Pradesh traditionally depends on spiritual healers for curing diseases and ensuring agricultural prosperity. While these practices strengthen cultural identity and psychological security,