Question
.संप्रेषण के प्रकार एवं उनके अवरोध का वर्णन कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 767
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संप्रेषण (Communication) संगठनात्मक मनोविज्ञान का एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण तत्व है। इसके माध्यम से व्यक्तियों, समूहों तथा संगठन के विभिन्न स्तरों के बीच विचारों, सूचनाओं, भावनाओं तथा निर्देशों का आदान-प्रदान होता है। प्रभावी संप्रेषण संगठन में समन्वय, सहयोग, प्रेरणा, निर्णय-निर्माण तथा कार्यकुशलता को बढ़ाता है। यदि संप्रेषण स्पष्ट, समय पर तथा उचित ढंग से हो, तो संगठन अपने उद्देश्यों को अधिक प्रभावी ढंग से प्राप्त कर सकता है। इसके विपरीत, संप्रेषण में बाधाएँ उत्पन्न होने पर गलतफहमियाँ, संघर्ष, असंतोष तथा कार्यक्षमता में कमी आ जाती है। संप्रेषण के प्रकारों को विभिन्न आधारों पर वर्गीकृत किया जा सकता है। दिशा के आधार पर संप्रेषण के प्रमुख प्रकार निम्नलिखित हैं। अधोगामी संप्रेषण (Downward Communication) वह संप्रेषण है जिसमें सूचना, आदेश, नीतियाँ तथा निर्देश उच्च स्तर से निम्न स्तर के कर्मचारियों तक पहुँचते हैं। इसके माध्यम से कर्मचारियों को उनके कार्य, उत्तरदायित्व तथा संगठन की नीतियों की जानकारी दी जाती है। यह नियंत्रण तथा मार्गदर्शन का प्रमुख माध्यम है। ऊर्ध्वगामी संप्रेषण (Upward Communication) में सूचनाएँ निम्न स्तर से उच्च स्तर की ओर जाती
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