Urban cities are highly vulnerable to disaster risks due to the concentration of population, infrastructure, economic activities, and complex social systems within limited geographical areas. Disaster vulnerability in urban areas is influenced by a combination of physical, environmental, social, economic, and institutional factors. Understanding these factors is essential for effective Disaster Vulnerability and Risk Assessment, as it helps in identifying risk-prone areas and developing suitable mitigation strategies. Rapid and unplanned urbanization is one of the major factors increasing disaster vulnerability. Many cities expand without adequate land-use planning, resulting in the development of settlements in hazard-prone areas such as floodplains, coastal zones, and unstable slopes. Informal settlements and slums often lack basic services, safe housing, and disaster-resistant infrastructure, making residents more exposed to hazards such as floods, earthquakes, fires, and landslides. High population density significantly increases urban disaster risks. Large numbers of people living in limited spaces create challenges in evacuation,