Working memory is a limited-capacity cognitive system responsible for the temporary storage and active manipulation of information needed for complex mental activities such as learning, reasoning, comprehension, decision-making, and problem-solving. Unlike short-term memory, which mainly involves the passive retention of information for a brief period, working memory actively processes and organizes information while performing ongoing cognitive tasks. It acts as a mental workspace that allows individuals to integrate new information with previously stored knowledge, making it an essential component of human cognition. The concept of working memory was developed by Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch in 1974 as an alternative to the traditional view of short-term memory. Their model proposed that working memory is not a single storage unit but a system composed of multiple interacting components that perform different functions. This model has become one of the most influential theories in cognitive psychology. The first component is the central executive, which functions as the control system of working memory. It directs attention, allocates cognitive resources, coordinates the activities of other components, inhibits irrelevant information, and switches attention between tasks. Although it does not store