Perception is the psychological process through which individuals select, organize, and interpret sensory information to understand their environment. Although people may receive similar sensory information, they often perceive the same object, event, or situation differently. Perception is therefore not determined only by the physical characteristics of a stimulus but is influenced by several internal and external factors. These factors play an important role in shaping how individuals understand and respond to their surroundings. One important factor affecting perception is attention. An individual is exposed to many stimuli at the same time, but attention determines which stimuli receive greater mental focus. A student may notice the teacher’s explanation while ignoring conversations outside the classroom. Attention can be influenced by interest, importance, intensity, novelty, and personal needs. Motivation and needs also strongly influence perception. People tend to notice and interpret information according to their current needs and goals. A hungry person is more likely to