Question
कार्यशील स्मृति (Working memory)
Answer :
Word Count : 679
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कार्यशील स्मृति (Working Memory) मानव संज्ञानात्मक प्रणाली का एक अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण घटक है, जो सीमित समय के लिए सूचनाओं को संग्रहित करने तथा उन पर सक्रिय रूप से कार्य करने की क्षमता प्रदान करती है। यह केवल जानकारी को याद रखने तक सीमित नहीं होती, बल्कि समस्या-समाधान, निर्णय-निर्धारण, तर्क, भाषा की समझ, सीखने तथा दैनिक जीवन के अनेक कार्यों को सफलतापूर्वक संपन्न करने में सहायता करती है। कार्यशील स्मृति का उपयोग तब होता है जब व्यक्ति किसी निर्देश का पालन करता है, मानसिक गणना करता है, बातचीत के दौरान पहले कही गई बात को ध्यान में रखता है या किसी नई जानकारी को पहले से उपलब्ध ज्ञान के साथ जोड़ता है। कार्यशील स्मृति की अवधारणा को मनोवैज्ञानिक एलन बैडली (Alan Baddeley) और ग्राहम हिच (Graham Hitch) ने 1974 में विकसित किया। उन्होंने इसे अल्पकालिक स्मृति से अलग माना क्योंकि कार्यशील स्मृति केवल जानकारी को कुछ समय तक सुरक्षित नहीं रखती, बल्कि उस जानकारी का सक्रिय रूप से प्रसंस्करण भी करती है। बाद में बैडली ने अपने मॉडल में कुछ संशोधन करते हुए अतिरिक्त घटकों को भी शामिल
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