Question
उपयुक्त उदाहरणों का प्रयोग करते हुए अधिगम (Learning) के विभिन्न सिद्धांतों की व्याख्या कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 514
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अधिगम (Learning) मनोविज्ञान की एक महत्वपूर्ण प्रक्रिया है, जिसके माध्यम से व्यक्ति अपने अनुभवों, अभ्यास और प्रशिक्षण के आधार पर व्यवहार में अपेक्षाकृत स्थायी परिवर्तन लाता है। यह परिवर्तन ज्ञान, कौशल, आदतों, दृष्टिकोण और प्रतिक्रियाओं के रूप में दिखाई देता है। मनोवैज्ञानिकों ने अधिगम की प्रक्रिया को समझाने के लिए विभिन्न सिद्धांत प्रस्तुत किए हैं, जिनमें व्यवहारवादी, संज्ञानात्मक और सामाजिक अधिगम सिद्धांत प्रमुख हैं। व्यवहारवादी सिद्धांतों में अधिगम को उद्दीपन (Stimulus) और प्रतिक्रिया (Response) के बीच संबंध के रूप में समझाया गया है। इवान पावलॉव का शास्त्रीय अनुबंधन सिद्धांत (Classical Conditioning Theory) इसका प्रमुख उदाहरण है। पावलॉव ने कुत्तों पर प्रयोग करके बताया कि जब किसी प्राकृतिक उद्दीपन
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