Learning is a relatively permanent change in behavior, knowledge, skills, or attitudes that occurs through experience, practice, or observation. It enables individuals to adapt to their environment and improve their ability to solve problems and perform tasks. Psychologists have proposed several theories to explain how learning takes place. Each theory emphasizes different aspects of the learning process and provides valuable insights into human and animal behavior. The classical conditioning theory was developed by Ivan Pavlov. It explains learning as the formation of associations between a neutral stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. In Pavlov's famous experiment, a dog naturally salivated when presented with food. Pavlov repeatedly rang a bell before presenting food. After several pairings, the dog began to salivate merely at the sound of the bell, even without food. Here, the bell became the conditioned stimulus, and salivation became the conditioned response. A common example in daily life is a student feeling anxious when hearing the school examination bell because it has become associated with stressful examination experiences. The operant conditioning theory was proposed by B. F. Skinner. According to this theory, learning