Qualitative and quantitative research represent two important approaches in social science research methods. Both approaches aim to understand social reality, but they differ in their objectives, methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. While quantitative research focuses on measurement, numerical data, and statistical analysis, qualitative research emphasizes meanings, experiences, interpretations, and social processes. Ramakrishna Mukherjee, a prominent Indian sociologist and methodologist, viewed research methods from a broader perspective where scientific inquiry should combine empirical investigation with theoretical understanding of social structures and processes. Quantitative research is based on the collection and analysis of numerical data. It attempts to measure social phenomena through variables, indicators, surveys, experiments, and statistical techniques. The main purpose of quantitative research is to identify patterns, establish relationships between variables, test hypotheses, and produce generalizations. Researchers using this approach often follow a structured methodology where data is collected from large samples to represent a wider population. Objectivity, reliability, and precision are considered important features of quantitative research. Qualitative research,