Qualitative and quantitative research are two major approaches used in social science and other fields to systematically study problems, collect evidence, and develop knowledge. Although both aim to understand research questions through systematic investigation, they differ in their objectives, nature of data, methods of data collection, analysis, and interpretation. Qualitative research is primarily concerned with understanding meanings, experiences, perceptions, attitudes, and social processes. It seeks to explore a phenomenon in depth rather than measure it numerically. This approach is particularly useful when the researcher wants to understand how people interpret their experiences or why they behave in a particular way. Qualitative research generally uses non-numerical data such as words, descriptions, observations, interviews, documents, photographs, and narratives. Common methods include in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, participant observation, case studies, and ethnographic studies. The researcher usually works with a relatively small and purposively selected sample. Data are analyzed by identifying themes, patterns, concepts, and relationships. The findings are generally descriptive and interpretive. Quantitative research, in contrast, focuses on measuring variables and examining relationships between them through numerical data. It aims to quantify phenomena, test hypotheses, identify patterns, and often generalize findings to a larger population. Quantitative researchers commonly use structured questionnaires, surveys, experiments, tests,