Patriarchy is a social system in which men hold primary power in political, economic, social, cultural, and familial institutions. It is characterized by the institutionalization of male authority over women and other marginalized genders. In the study of Gender and Society, patriarchy is understood not merely as the rule of individual men but as a structural arrangement that shapes gender relations, allocates resources unequally, and legitimizes male dominance through customs, traditions, religion, law, and ideology. Male dominance refers to the exercise of power, privilege, and control by men in various spheres of life, reinforcing patriarchal values across generations. Patriarchy has historical roots in the emergence of private property, inheritance, and the patriarchal family. Friedrich Engels argued that the development of private property transformed gender relations by subordinating women to ensure legitimate heirs. Feminist scholars, however, emphasize that patriarchy cannot be explained solely through economic factors; it also operates through culture, ideology, and socialization. Sylvia Walby described patriarchy as a system of social structures and practices in which men dominate, oppress, and exploit women through institutions such as the household, paid work, the state, male violence, sexuality, and cultural norms. The family is one of the primary institutions through which patriarchy is reproduced. From childhood, boys and girls are socialized into distinct gender roles. Boys are encouraged to be independent, assertive, and decision-makers, while girls