Question
How do DNA vaccines work, and what are their potential advantages over traditional vaccines?
Answer :
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DNA vaccines work by introducing a small, circular piece of DNA, known as a plasmid, that encodes an antigen from a pathogen directly into the host’s cells. Once inside the host cells, the cellular machinery transcribes and translates this DNA to produce the pathogen-derived protein, which is then processed and presented on the cell surface via major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. This antigen presentation triggers the host immune system, activating both humoral and cellular responses. B cells recognize the antigen and produce specific antibodies, while
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