Population and development are closely interrelated concepts that influence each other in multiple ways. Population refers to the total number of people living in a particular geographical area, along with their age structure, distribution, growth rate, and composition. Development refers to the process of improving the economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental conditions of society, resulting in a better quality of life for all people. In the field of social work and social development, understanding the relationship between population and development is essential because both directly affect human welfare, resource utilization, and sustainable progress. Population growth can significantly influence the pace and quality of development. A rapidly increasing population creates greater demand for food, housing, healthcare, education, employment, transportation, and other essential services. If economic growth and public infrastructure fail to keep pace with population growth, problems such as poverty, unemployment, malnutrition, overcrowding, environmental degradation, and inadequate social services become more severe. Developing countries often face these challenges due to high birth rates and limited resources. At the same time, development also influences population trends. Improved healthcare facilities, better nutrition, higher literacy rates, especially among women, and increased access to family planning services generally reduce fertility and mortality rates. As societies develop, people tend to