Migration is a dynamic social process involving the movement of individuals or groups from one place to another for temporary or permanent settlement. It is influenced by economic, social, political, cultural, demographic, and environmental factors. Social work and social development recognize migration as both an opportunity for improving livelihoods and a challenge that may create social exclusion, inequality, and vulnerability. Several theories have been developed to explain why people migrate and how migration shapes societies. These theories remain relevant in understanding contemporary migration patterns in India. The Push-Pull Theory, proposed by E. G. Ravenstein and later expanded by Everett Lee, is one of the most widely accepted explanations of migration. According to this theory, migration occurs because of push factors that drive people away from their place of origin and pull factors that attract them to another place. Push factors include unemployment, poverty, low agricultural productivity, natural disasters, social discrimination, and lack of educational or healthcare facilities. Pull factors include better employment opportunities, higher wages, quality education, urban amenities, and improved living standards. In India, large-scale rural-to-urban migration reflects this theory. People from economically backward states such as Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, and Jharkhand migrate to metropolitan cities like Delhi, Mumbai, Bengaluru, Hyderabad, and Chennai in search of employment and better opportunities. The Neoclassical Economic Theory explains migration as a rational decision taken by individuals to maximize income and improve their economic conditions. People compare wages and employment opportunities across regions and migrate where economic returns are higher. India's rapid industrialization, expansion