Span of Control refers to the number of subordinates who can be effectively supervised, guided, and controlled by a manager. It is a fundamental concept in management that determines the structure of an organization, the distribution of authority, and the efficiency of communication. The concept was emphasized by classical management theorists who believed that a manager can effectively supervise only a limited number of employees. However, with advancements in technology, better communication systems, and improved managerial practices, organizations today often operate with wider spans of control than in the past. Span of Control may be classified into two types: narrow span of control and wide span of control. A narrow span of control exists when a manager supervises only a few subordinates. This results in more levels of management, closer supervision, and greater managerial attention to individual employees. Such a structure is common in organizations where tasks are highly specialized, employees require continuous guidance, or the work environment is complex. However, it may increase administrative costs, delay decision-making, and create communication barriers due to multiple hierarchical levels. A wide span of control exists when a manager supervises a large number of employees. This creates a