Claude Levi-Strauss and Edmund Leach made significant contributions to the understanding of social structure by developing structural approaches that emphasized the underlying patterns governing social relationships. Although both scholars were influenced by structuralism, they differed in their methods, focus, and interpretation of social life. Their works greatly expanded sociological and anthropological understanding of how societies organize relationships, symbols, and institutions. Claude Levi-Strauss, a French anthropologist, is regarded as the founder of structural anthropology. He argued that social structure should not be understood merely through observable social institutions but through the hidden mental structures that shape human thought and behavior. Influenced by structural linguistics, particularly the work of Ferdinand de Saussure, Levi-Strauss believed that human cultures are organized according to universal cognitive principles. These principles are reflected in myths, kinship systems, rituals, and classifications. Levi-Strauss considered kinship systems as forms of communication similar to language. In his theory of alliance, he emphasized the exchange of women through marriage as the basis of social organization. Marriage rules create alliances between families and groups, promoting cooperation and integration. He argued that the incest taboo is a universal rule that compels exogamy and establishes reciprocal relationships among different social groups. Thus, kinship is not merely biological but a structured system of social exchange. Another major contribution of Levi-Strauss lies in his analysis of myths. He proposed that myths from different cultures share common structural patterns based on binary oppositions such as nature versus culture, life versus death, and raw versus cooked. These oppositions reflect universal features of the human mind. The meaning of myths does