Michel Foucault’s approach of the ‘archaeology of knowledge’ provides a distinctive way of understanding society by examining the historical conditions through which knowledge, ideas, and social practices are formed. Foucault developed this method as a critique of traditional approaches that viewed knowledge as a continuous and progressive development of human reason. Instead, he argued that knowledge systems are shaped by specific historical periods, social institutions, and power relations. His archaeological method focuses on analysing the rules and structures that determine what can be said, thought, and accepted as true within a particular period. Foucault introduced the concept of archaeology in his major work *The Archaeology of Knowledge* (1969). According to him, societies do not possess a single, continuous body of knowledge that gradually improves over time. Rather, different historical periods have different systems of thought, which he called “epistemes.” An episteme refers to the underlying framework of assumptions, concepts, and rules that organize knowledge in a particular historical