Question
Discuss in detail institutional arrangements for disaster governance in India.
Answer :
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Skip in 10
India has developed a comprehensive institutional framework for disaster governance that emphasizes prevention, mitigation, preparedness, response, recovery, and reconstruction. This framework was significantly strengthened after the Indian Ocean Tsunami of 2004, leading to the enactment of the Disaster Management Act, 2005. The institutional arrangements in India follow a multi-level approach involving the central government, state governments, district administrations, local bodies, scientific organizations, and community participation. The Disaster Management Act, 2005, serves as the legal foundation for disaster governance in India. It establishes authorities at the national, state, and district levels and clearly defines their roles and responsibilities. The Act promotes a shift from a relief-centric approach to a proactive and integrated disaster risk management strategy. It also provides guidelines for planning, coordination, capacity building, and resource mobilization. At the national level, the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA) is the apex body responsible for formulating disaster management policies, plans, and guidelines. It is chaired by the Prime Minister of India. The NDMA develops national strategies for disaster risk reduction, promotes institutional coordination, ensures implementation of mitigation measures, and encourages the integration of disaster resilience into development planning. It issues guidelines for managing hazards such as floods, earthquakes, cyclones, droughts, landslides, chemical disasters, and biological emergencies. The National Executive Committee (NEC), headed by the Union Home Secretary, assists the NDMA in implementing policies and coordinating disaster management activities among various ministries and departments. The NEC prepares the National Disaster Management Plan and monitors its execution. Different central ministries are assigned nodal responsibilities for specific types of disasters, ensuring specialized expertise and coordinated response. The Ministry of Home Affairs functions as the nodal ministry for disaster management in India. It
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