Gender is a socially and culturally constructed concept that shapes the roles, responsibilities, identities, and expectations associated with being male, female, or other gender identities. Unlike sex, which refers to biological differences, gender is a dynamic social category that varies across societies and historical periods. Gender studies examine how power, inequality, culture, and institutions influence gender relations and how these relations affect individuals and communities. Various conceptual perspectives have been developed to understand the nature of gender and its role in society. The biological perspective considers gender differences as a natural outcome of biological characteristics such as chromosomes, hormones, and reproductive functions. According to this view, the distinct roles of men and women emerge from innate physical and psychological differences. Women are often associated with nurturing and caregiving due to their reproductive capacity, while men are viewed as physically stronger and more suited for public and economic activities. However, this perspective has been criticized for overlooking the influence of social and cultural factors in shaping gender roles. The sociological perspective argues that gender is socially constructed through processes of socialization. Families, schools, peer groups, media, and religious institutions teach individuals appropriate masculine and feminine behaviour from childhood. Talcott Parsons