Question
Describe various mechanisms for gastrointestinal absorption.
Answer :
Word Count : 563
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जठरांत्रीय अवशोषण वह प्रक्रिया है जिसके द्वारा भोजन, दवाएँ, जल तथा अन्य पोषक तत्त्व पाचन तंत्र से रक्त या लसीका में प्रवेश करते हैं। यह प्रक्रिया मुख्यतः छोटी आँत में होती है, क्योंकि वहाँ की भीतरी सतह में सूक्ष्म रोम तथा सूक्ष्मरोम उपस्थित होते हैं, जो अवशोषण क्षेत्र को अत्यधिक बढ़ा देते हैं। जठरांत्रीय अवशोषण अनेक तंत्रों द्वारा सम्पन्न होता है, जिनका स्वरूप पदार्थ की रासायनिक प्रकृति, घुलनशीलता तथा सांद्रता पर निर्भर करता है। सरल प्रसरण जठरांत्रीय अवशोषण का सबसे सामान्य तंत्र है। इसमें पदार्थ उच्च सांद्रता वाले क्षेत्र से निम्न सांद्रता वाले क्षेत्र की ओर बिना ऊर्जा व्यय के गति करते हैं। यह प्रक्रिया कोशिका झिल्ली के पार स्वतः होती है। वसा में घुलनशील पदार्थ, जैसे कुछ दवाएँ तथा अल्कोहल, इस विधि से आसानी से अवशोषित होते हैं।
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