Define Job Design. Discuss the importance of various factors influencing Job design.
Job design is the consciously planned structuring of work effort performed by and individual or a team of persons. Good job design must answer the job related questions such as what work is to be performed, who is to perform the work, where the work is to bed done, when the work is to be done, why the job is necessary and how should the work be accomplished.
DESIGN FACTORS: Design factors for Equipment and seating are very important, as it decides how efficiently worker will do his work.
For example, In some machines, controls may come in a comfortable position for the hand, but the work might be too far away from the eye and as a result the operator has to operate in a bent posture while working on, say, central lathes. The solution here may be a tilted centre lathe so that the operator can see without stopping.
Another example is redesigned crane cabs which now provide unrestricted vision that place much less strain on the driver thereby increasing his efficiency.
It is required that the person while sitting should be able to maintain a good posture which will not cause overstrain of any particular group of muscles. Well designed and positioned back rest may be used. The elements of good seating will depend on the length, width and shape of the seat; material of which the seat is made; the shape and height of the backrest and the height of the seat above the floor.
In case of controls, information given to the operators should be a binary form of ‘Yes-No’ type which minimizes the error possibility.
Layout design of the equipments, control panels etc. should also keep in mind the need for their subsequent maintenance and repair in the beginning itself.
Natural movements of human being need to be kept in mind while designing instrument knobs. Because, learning time for the operation of equipment on which controls are compatible with natural movements are much shorter than if the controls are incompatible.
For the operation of equipment on which controls are compatible with natural movements are much shorter than if the controls are incompatible.
It is important to take note of the shape, size, inertia, friction characteristics of controls, because controls are the normal way in which an operator conveys his instructions to a machine.
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS:
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