Discuss the differences between acceptance sampling and process control. Identify also the statistical theory related these processes.
Acceptance sampling :
Acceptance sampling technique is used for quality control in those situations where items are inspected in batches, generally known as lots. The acceptability will depend on the acceptable quality of the lot, which in turn depends on the use and the price you are willing to pay for this quality. The idea of sampling inspection is to inspect only a small portion of the lot and infer the quality of lot. Acceptance is based on the inference made from the sample and hence the technique is known as Acceptance Sampling.
Acceptance sampling involves testing a batch of data to determine if the proportion of units having a particular attribute exceeds a given percentage.
The sampling plan involves three determinations: (1) batch size; (2) sample size; and (3) maximum number of defects that can be uncovered before rejection of the entire batch.
This technique permits acceptance or rejection of a batch of merchandise or documents under precisely specified circumstances, thereby ensuring that the auditor does not reject too many acceptable batches. Acceptance sampling is of particular value to the internal auditor who wants continuous control on the quality of clerical work. From acceptance sampling tables, one can select a sampling plan to assure that errors will not be greater than a specified percentage of the batch (tolerable error rate), provided a full check of rejected batches is made. Acceptance sampling can also be used by the internal auditor to inspect the documents flowing through information channels of the organization. Items that can be checked include pricing and mathematical calculations. Acceptance sampling is basically an internal audit tool. It would be very difficult for the external auditor to devise a sampling plan that, while rejecting, say, 90% of unsatisfactory batches, does not also reject a high number of satisfactory batches.
Acceptance sampling is used by industries worldwide for assuring the quality of incoming and outgoing goods. Acceptance sampling plans determine the sample size and criteria for accepting or rejecting a batch based on the quality of a sample, using statistical principles. Many organizations require the use of ISO standards (or their ANSI/ASQC/BS/Military Standards or other counterparts) for purposes of certification. Below are online versions of Military Standard Tables (equivalent to the civilian ISO/ANSI/ASQC/BS standards),
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