Question
Critically discuss the theory of population growth given by Malthus.
Answer :
Word Count : 467
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Thomas Robert Malthus, an English economist and demographer, presented his theory of population growth in his famous work “An Essay on the Principle of Population” published in 1798. His theory is one of the earliest systematic explanations of the relationship between population growth and resources. In human geography, the Malthusian theory is significant because it examines how population increase can influence economic development, food supply, and environmental sustainability. Malthus argued that population tends to grow at a geometric rate, while food production increases at an arithmetic rate. According to him, population grows through multiplication, such as 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, whereas food supply increases through addition, such as 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Due to this difference, population growth would eventually exceed the available food supply, leading to poverty, famine, disease, and social problems. He believed that nature would restore balance through “positive checks” such as epidemics, wars, famines, and increased mortality. Malthus also suggested “preventive checks” that could control population growth before reaching critical levels. These
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