Human geography has evolved through a long process of intellectual development, reflecting changing ideas about the relationship between humans and their environment. It examines the spatial organization of human activities, cultural landscapes, population, settlements, economic activities, political systems, and social interactions. The progress of human geography can be understood through three major periods: the classical and environmental determinism period, the possibilism and regional approach period, and the quantitative, behavioral, and contemporary approaches period. The first period extends from ancient times to the early twentieth century and is marked by descriptive studies and the dominance of environmental determinism. Ancient Greek scholars such as Herodotus, Eratosthenes, and Strabo contributed significantly by describing different regions, peoples, and cultures. During the medieval period, Arab geographers preserved and expanded geographical knowledge through extensive travel and mapping. The Age of Exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries further enriched geographical understanding by providing new information about continents, trade routes, and societies. In the nineteenth century, geography became