Gender and violence in India are deeply connected with unequal power relations, patriarchal social structures, cultural norms and economic inequalities. The debate on gender-based violence has moved beyond viewing violence as a private family matter to recognizing it as a serious human rights, social justice and public policy issue. Gender-based violence includes domestic violence, sexual assault, rape, sexual harassment, dowry-related violence, trafficking, forced marriage, honour crimes and violence against transgender and gender-non-conforming persons. One major debate concerns the relationship between patriarchy and violence. Feminist scholars argue that violence against women is not merely the result of individual behaviour but is rooted in patriarchal institutions that give men greater authority over women’s bodies, sexuality, mobility and decision-making. Domestic violence provides an important example. Women may experience physical, sexual, emotional and economic abuse from husbands or other family members. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act, 2005, recognized these different forms of abuse and provided legal protection and remedies. Another important debate concerns sexual violence and control over women’s sexuality. The 2012 Delhi gang rape case generated widespread protests