The National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) is an initiative by the Government of India aimed at addressing the challenges posed by climate change while promoting sustainable development. Recognizing the serious threat that climate change poses to India’s economic growth, environmental stability, and social well-being, the NAPCC was launched in 2008 with the objective of creating a framework for coordinated action across different sectors and levels of government. The plan emphasizes both mitigation, which involves reducing greenhouse gas emissions, and adaptation, which involves enhancing resilience to the impacts of climate change. It provides a strategic roadmap to integrate climate concerns into the broader development agenda of the country, ensuring that economic growth is low-carbon and sustainable. The NAPCC consists of eight core national missions, each focusing on a specific area of climate change mitigation or adaptation. The National Solar Mission is one of the flagship programs under the NAPCC and aims to promote the use of solar energy for power generation and heating applications. By incentivizing the adoption of solar technologies, the mission targets the reduction of dependence on fossil fuels and the mitigation of carbon emissions. The National Mission on Enhanced Energy Efficiency focuses on improving energy efficiency across industrial, commercial, and residential sectors. This mission involves initiatives such as energy efficiency financing, performance standards, and market transformation programs, all of which help in reducing energy consumption and promoting sustainable practices. The National Mission on Sustainable Habitat addresses energy efficiency in urban areas, promoting environmentally sustainable urban planning and construction. This mission emphasizes the adoption of green building codes, efficient public transport systems, and urban waste management practices. By reducing the energy intensity of urban development, it contributes to lowering greenhouse gas emissions while improving the quality of urban life. The National Water Mission focuses on conserving water resources, promoting efficient water use, and ensuring equitable access to water. Water management is particularly critical in India due to frequent droughts, erratic rainfall, and overexploitation of groundwater, and the mission helps build resilience against water-related climate impacts. The National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture aims to enhance the resilience of agriculture to climate change while reducing greenhouse gas emissions from farming practices. This includes promoting climate-resilient crop varieties, efficient irrigation methods, and improved soil management. Given that a large portion of India’s population depends on agriculture for livelihood, this