Question
Radiative Forcing
Answer :
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Radiative forcing is a concept used in climate science to measure the influence of factors that can alter the balance of incoming and outgoing energy in the Earth’s atmosphere. It quantifies the change in net radiative energy at the top of the atmosphere due to a specific factor, expressed in watts per square meter (W/m²). A positive radiative forcing leads to warming because more energy is retained in the Earth system, whereas a negative forcing causes cooling by reflecting or emitting more energy back into space. Greenhouse gases are the primary contributors to positive radiative forcing. Carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), nitrous oxide (N₂O), and fluorinated gases trap outgoing infrared radiation, leading to the greenhouse effect. The increased concentration of these gases
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