Education is considered a fundamental human right and an essential instrument for social development, yet inequality in education remains a major challenge across societies. Educational inequality refers to unequal access to educational opportunities, resources, quality learning environments, and outcomes among different groups of people based on social, economic, cultural, or geographical factors. These inequalities arise from multiple interrelated causes that operate at individual, institutional, and structural levels. One of the most significant causes of inequality in education is economic disparity. Children belonging to economically weaker families often face difficulties in accessing quality education due to lack of financial resources. Poverty restricts the ability of families to afford school fees, books, uniforms, transportation, and digital devices. Many children from low-income households are compelled to engage in labor activities to support family income, which results in irregular attendance or early dropout from school. In contrast, economically privileged families can provide better schooling, private tutoring, and technological support, thereby widening the educational gap. Social stratification also contributes significantly to educational inequality. Factors such as caste, class, ethnicity, and social status influence access to education in many societies. Marginalized communities often experience discrimination, social exclusion, and limited institutional support. Historical disadvantages faced by certain social groups create barriers that affect enrollment, participation, and academic achievement. Social prejudice may lower expectations from learners belonging to disadvantaged backgrounds, thereby negatively affecting their confidence and performance. Gender inequality remains another major cause of educational disparity. In many regions, girls face restrictions related to cultural norms, early marriage, domestic responsibilities, and safety concerns. Families may