André Lefevere was one of the most influential scholars in modern Translation Studies. He shifted the focus of translation theory from the traditional concern with linguistic equivalence to the broader cultural, ideological, and social dimensions of translation. According to Lefevere, translation is not merely the transfer of words from one language to another but a process of rewriting that is influenced by various forces operating within society. His theory is closely associated with the cultural turn in translation studies. Lefevere argued that every translation is a form of rewriting. A translator does not simply reproduce the original text but recreates it in accordance with the expectations, beliefs, and literary norms of the target culture. Therefore, translation is never neutral. The translator makes conscious and unconscious choices that shape the meaning and reception of the translated text. One of the central concepts in Lefevere’s theory is the idea of rewriting. Rewriting includes translation, adaptation, criticism, anthologies, editing, and other forms of presenting literary works. These activities influence how readers understand an author or a literary tradition. Through rewriting, literary works are modified to suit the cultural, political, or ideological needs of a particular society. Another important aspect of Lefevere’s theory is ideology. He believed that ideology plays a significant role in translation. Translators often adapt texts to fit the