The polysystem theory of translation, propounded mainly by Itamar Even-Zohar, views literature and translation as parts of a dynamic and interrelated cultural system. According to this theory, literature in a society does not exist as a single, homogeneous entity; rather, it comprises multiple subsystems that continuously interact and compete for dominance. Translated literature constitutes one such subsystem within the larger literary polysystem. The theory emerged in the 1970s as a reaction against purely linguistic approaches to translation. It emphasizes the socio-cultural context in which translation takes place and seeks to explain why certain texts are translated, how they are translated, and the role