Question
पाश्चात्य सिनेमा में रूपांतरण के विकासक्रम पर प्रकाश डालिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 696
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पाश्चात्य सिनेमा में रूपांतरण का इतिहास सिनेमा के आरंभिक विकास के साथ ही प्रारम्भ हो जाता है। जब चलचित्र एक नवीन कला-माध्यम के रूप में विकसित हो रहा था, तब फिल्मकारों ने कथानक के लिए साहित्य, रंगमंच, लोककथाओं, मिथकों तथा ऐतिहासिक घटनाओं का सहारा लिया। प्रारम्भिक मूक फिल्मों में संवादों का अभाव होने के कारण ऐसी रचनाओं का चयन किया गया जो पहले से ही जनमानस में लोकप्रिय थीं। इस प्रकार रूपांतरण ने सिनेमा को सशक्त कथावस्तु प्रदान की और साहित्य तथा चलचित्र के बीच घनिष्ठ संबंध स्थापित किया। उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी के अंतिम वर्षों और बीसवीं शताब्दी के प्रारम्भ में यूरोप तथा अमेरिका के फिल्मकारों ने प्रसिद्ध नाटकों और उपन्यासों को फिल्म के रूप में प्रस्तुत करना आरम्भ किया। विशेष रूप से विलियम शेक्सपियर के नाटकों, चार्ल्स डिकेन्स, विक्टर ह्यूगो, लियो टॉल्स्टॉय तथा अलेक्जेंडर ड्यूमा जैसे साहित्यकारों की कृतियों का बार-बार रूपांतरण किया गया। इन रूपांतरणों
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