Question
अनुवाद की प्रक्रिया और चुनौतियों की विवेचना कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 710
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अनुवाद एक ऐसी सृजनात्मक एवं बौद्धिक प्रक्रिया है जिसके माध्यम से एक भाषा में व्यक्त विचारों, भावों, ज्ञान तथा संस्कृति को दूसरी भाषा में यथासंभव समतुल्य रूप में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। इसका उद्देश्य केवल शब्दों का स्थानांतरण नहीं, बल्कि अर्थ, भाव, शैली, संदर्भ और सांस्कृतिक संवेदना का संरक्षण करना होता है। अनुवाद के माध्यम से विभिन्न भाषाई समुदायों के बीच ज्ञान, साहित्य, विज्ञान, दर्शन, प्रशासन तथा संस्कृति का आदान-प्रदान संभव होता है। इसी कारण अनुवाद को भाषाओं और संस्कृतियों के बीच सेतु माना जाता है। अनुवाद की प्रक्रिया बहुस्तरीय होती है। इसका प्रथम चरण मूल पाठ का गहन अध्ययन और विश्लेषण है। अनुवादक को केवल शब्दों का अर्थ ही नहीं, बल्कि लेखक की मंशा, संदर्भ, शैली, उद्देश्य तथा पाठक वर्ग को भी समझना पड़ता है। यदि मूल पाठ का समुचित बोध नहीं होगा तो अनुवाद भी त्रुटिपूर्ण होगा। इसलिए भाषा-ज्ञान के साथ विषय-ज्ञान भी आवश्यक है। दूसरे चरण में अनुवादक मूल भाषा के संदेश का अर्थ ग्रहण करता है और उसे मानसिक
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