Question
जीन पियागेट की थ्योरी
Answer :
Word Count : 645
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जीन पियागेट का संज्ञानात्मक विकास सिद्धांत मनोविज्ञान के क्षेत्र में अत्यंत महत्वपूर्ण माना जाता है। इस सिद्धांत के अनुसार बालक का बौद्धिक विकास एक सक्रिय प्रक्रिया है, जिसमें वह अपने अनुभवों तथा वातावरण के साथ अंतःक्रिया करके ज्ञान का निर्माण करता है। पियागेट ने यह स्पष्ट किया कि बच्चे केवल जानकारी ग्रहण नहीं करते, बल्कि अपने अनुभवों के आधार पर स्वयं ज्ञान का निर्माण करते हैं। उन्होंने यह भी बताया कि संज्ञानात्मक विकास क्रमबद्ध चरणों में होता है और प्रत्येक चरण की अपनी विशिष्ट विशेषताएँ होती हैं। पियागेट के अनुसार संज्ञानात्मक विकास का आधार "स्कीमा" (Schema) है। स्कीमा से तात्पर्य उन मानसिक संरचनाओं या ढाँचों से है जिनके माध्यम से व्यक्ति अपने अनुभवों को व्यवस्थित करता है। जब बालक किसी नई जानकारी का सामना करता है तो वह उसे अपने पूर्व ज्ञान के अनुसार समझने का प्रयास करता है। इस प्रक्रिया को
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