Question
अभिप्रेरणा के विभिन्न प्रकारों और सिद्धांतों पर विस्तृत रूप से चर्चा कीजिए।
Answer :
Word Count : 804
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Skip in 10
अभिप्रेरणा (Motivation) वह मनोवैज्ञानिक प्रक्रिया है जो व्यक्ति के व्यवहार को प्रारम्भ करती है, उसे दिशा प्रदान करती है तथा किसी लक्ष्य की प्राप्ति तक उसे बनाए रखती है। यह व्यक्ति की आंतरिक आवश्यकताओं, इच्छाओं, रुचियों तथा बाह्य परिस्थितियों के प्रभाव से उत्पन्न होती है। अभिप्रेरणा के कारण ही व्यक्ति कार्य करने के लिए उत्साहित होता है, कठिनाइयों का सामना करता है तथा अपने लक्ष्यों की प्राप्ति हेतु निरंतर प्रयास करता है। सामान्य मनोविज्ञान में अभिप्रेरणा को मानव व्यवहार का प्रमुख निर्धारक माना गया है। अभिप्रेरणा के विभिन्न प्रकारों में सर्वप्रथम आंतरिक (Intrinsic) तथा बाह्य (Extrinsic) अभिप्रेरणा का उल्लेख किया जाता है। आंतरिक अभिप्रेरणा वह है जिसमें व्यक्ति किसी कार्य को उसकी स्वाभाविक रुचि, संतोष, आनंद अथवा आत्म-विकास के लिए करता है। उदाहरण के लिए कोई विद्यार्थी ज्ञान प्राप्ति के आनंद हेतु अध्ययन करता है। इसके विपरीत बाह्य अभिप्रेरणा में व्यक्ति पुरस्कार, वेतन, प्रशंसा, पदोन्नति, दंड से बचने अथवा सामाजिक प्रतिष्ठा प्राप्त करने के लिए कार्य करता है। सकारात्मक तथा नकारात्मक
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