Question
एरिक्सन के मनोसामाजिक विकास के सिद्धांत की व्याख्या करें।
Answer :
Word Count : 610
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एरिक्सन के मनोसामाजिक विकास का सिद्धांत मानव व्यक्तित्व के विकास को समझाने वाला एक महत्वपूर्ण सिद्धांत है। इसे मनोवैज्ञानिक एरिक एरिक्सन ने विकसित किया। उनके अनुसार व्यक्ति का विकास केवल बचपन तक सीमित नहीं रहता, बल्कि जन्म से वृद्धावस्था तक जीवन के प्रत्येक चरण में निरंतर होता रहता है। एरिक्सन ने विकास को आठ मनोसामाजिक चरणों में विभाजित किया। प्रत्येक चरण में व्यक्ति के सामने एक विशेष मनोसामाजिक संकट या चुनौती आती है। इस संकट का सफल समाधान व्यक्ति के व्यक्तित्व में सकारात्मक गुणों का विकास करता है, जबकि असफलता आगे के विकास में कठिनाइयाँ उत्पन्न कर सकती है। पहला चरण विश्वास बनाम अविश्वास का है, जो जन्म से लगभग 18 महीने तक रहता है। इस अवस्था में शिशु माता-पिता या देखभाल करने वालों से सुरक्षा, प्रेम और
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