Patriarchy refers to a social system in which men hold greater power, authority, and control over women and other members of society. It is a deeply rooted system of social organization that influences family relationships, economic opportunities, political participation, cultural practices, and personal behaviour. From the perspective of gender-based violence, patriarchy is important because it can create and maintain unequal power relations between men and women, making violence and discrimination more likely to be accepted or overlooked. Patriarchal societies generally assign different roles and expectations to men and women. Men are often associated with authority, decision-making, leadership, economic provision, and physical strength, while women are traditionally expected to perform domestic work, childcare, and caregiving. These roles are not simply biological differences; they are socially constructed and reinforced through family, education, religion, media, customs, and other institutions. When these expectations become rigid, women may have fewer choices and less control over their own lives. Patriarchy can contribute directly and indirectly to gender-based violence. Domestic violence, sexual violence, forced marriage, dowry-related violence, honour-based violence, and harassment can