Global warming refers to the gradual increase in the Earth’s average surface temperature due to the accumulation of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and fluorinated gases in the atmosphere. These gases trap heat radiated from the Earth’s surface, preventing it from escaping into space, a process commonly known as the greenhouse effect. The primary sources of these gases are human activities, including the burning of fossil fuels for energy, industrial processes, deforestation, and agricultural practices. Global warming has far-reaching impacts on the environment and human societies, including rising sea levels due to melting glaciers and ice sheets, changes in precipitation patterns, increased frequency and intensity of extreme weather events, and disruptions in ecosystems and biodiversity. For instance, polar regions are experiencing accelerated ice melt, leading to habitat loss for species such as polar bears and penguins, while coastal communities face heightened risks of flooding and erosion. Additionally, global