Palaeoclimatic data refers to information about the Earth’s past climate conditions, reconstructed from natural records rather than direct measurements. Since instrumental climate records extend back only about 150–200 years, scientists rely on palaeoclimatic data to understand long-term climate variability, patterns, and changes over thousands to millions of years. This data is essential for identifying natural climate cycles, distinguishing human-induced changes from natural variability, and improving climate models for future predictions. One of the most important sources of palaeoclimatic data is ice cores. These are cylindrical samples drilled from ice sheets in regions such as Antarctica and Greenland. Ice cores contain trapped air bubbles that preserve past atmospheric composition, including greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane. The layers of ice also provide information about temperature, volcanic eruptions, and snowfall patterns, as each layer represents a specific time period, similar to tree rings. Tree