The Paris Agreement, adopted in 2015 under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), represents a landmark global effort to combat climate change through a cooperative and flexible framework. One of its most significant features is the central goal of limiting the increase in global average temperature to well below 2°C above pre-industrial levels, while pursuing efforts to restrict the rise to 1.5°C. This ambitious target reflects scientific consensus on the need to avoid catastrophic climate impacts and demonstrates a collective commitment by nations to mitigate global warming. A defining characteristic of the Paris Agreement is its bottom-up approach, which relies on Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). Each country is required to prepare, communicate, and maintain successive NDCs that outline their plans for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and adapting to climate change. These contributions are nationally driven, allowing countries to tailor their commitments according to their capacities and circumstances, thereby encouraging broader participation and ownership. Another key feature is the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC), which acknowledges that while all countries share the responsibility to address