The Human Genome Project (HGP) was an international scientific research programme undertaken to determine the complete DNA sequence of the human genome and to identify and map all human genes. It was formally launched in 1990 and completed in 2003, involving scientists and research institutions from several countries. The human genome contains approximately 3 billion DNA base pairs and thousands of genes that provide the biological instructions responsible for the development, functioning, growth and reproduction of the human body. The project represented one of the most significant achievements in modern genetics because it provided a reference sequence for studying human heredity and genetic variation. The major objectives of the Human Genome Project were to identify all human genes, determine the sequence of the approximately three billion nucleotide base pairs, store the information in databases, develop improved technologies for genomic analysis, and study the ethical, legal and social implications of genomic information. The project also encouraged international cooperation and technological development in DNA sequencing, bioinformatics and computational biology. One of the most important applications of the Human Genome Project is in the diagnosis of genetic disorders. Identification of disease-causing mutations has made it