Genetic research has greatly expanded our understanding of human heredity, genetic diseases, human variation and the molecular basis of health and disease. However, because genetic information is closely connected with personal identity, family relationships and future health risks, genetic research raises several ethical, legal and social issues. These issues must be carefully considered while conducting research involving human genetic material and information. Ethical issues mainly concern informed consent, privacy, confidentiality and the responsible use of genetic information. Individuals participating in genetic research should be given clear information about the purpose, procedures, possible risks and benefits of the research before providing consent. Special care is required when research involves children, individuals with limited decision-making capacity or vulnerable populations. Participants should also have the right to withdraw from research whenever possible. Genetic information is highly sensitive because it may reveal information not only about an individual but also about biological relatives. Therefore, maintaining confidentiality and protecting genetic data from unauthorized access are major ethical requirements. Researchers must